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| Kyai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid (Gud Dur) |
Biography Of Kyai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid (Gud Dur). Indonesia's fourth President was born in Jombang, East Java, 7 September 1940 from Wahid Hasyim and Siti Solichah. The nation's teachers, reformers, intellectuals, thinkers, and political leaders replaced B.J. Habibie as President of INDONESIA after the selected ASSEMBLY election results 1999. He was President of INDONESIA from October 20, 1999 to 2001 the MPR special session. He was born with the name Rahman planning to BRI or "the Conqueror", and then more commonly known as Gus Dur. "Gus" is a typical boarding school honor calls to kiai.
Wahid is the eldest son of six children, from a very distinguished family in East Java muslim community. His paternal grandfather, KH. Hasyim Asy'ari, was the founder of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), while his maternal grandfather, KH Bisri Syansuri pesantren. Wahid's father, KH Wahid Hasyim, was involved in the nationalist movement and became Minister of religious affairs in 1949. His mother, Hj. Sholehah, was the daughter of the founder of the boarding schools Jombang. After the Declaration of independence on 17 August 1945 Indonesia, Wahid returned to Jombang and remained there during the war of independence Indonesia against the Netherlands. The end of 1949, he moved to Jakarta after his father was appointed Minister of religion. He studied in Jakarta, go to KRIS before moving to Matraman Perwari ELEMENTARY SCHOOL.
Wahid was also encouraged to read the book the non Muslim, magazines, and newspapers by his father to expand his knowledge. In April 1953, his father died from a car accident. His education continued in 1954 in junior high school and not riding classes, but not because of the question of intellectual property. His mother then sent her to Yogyakarta to continue his education. In 1957, after graduating from JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL, he moved to Magelang to study at Pesantren Tegalrejo. He developed a reputation as a talented student, completing the pesantren education within two years (four years).
In 1959, Wahid moved to Pesantren Tambakberas in Jombang and got his first job as a teacher and head of the madrasa. Wahid also became a journalist and Cultural Magazine Horizon Jaya. In 1963, Wahid received a scholarship from the Ministry of religious affairs to study at Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, but did not finish because of inquiries into her mind. Wahid then studied at the University of Baghdad. Although initially fails, Wahid could finish his education at the University of Baghdad in 1970.
He went to the Netherlands to continue his education, studying at the University of Leiden, but disappointed that his studies in Baghdad here. Wahid went to Germany and France before going back to Indonesia in 1971. Wahid returned to Jakarta and joined the Institute for research, education and information economic and social (LP3ES), an organization which consisted of intellectuals with progressive Muslims and social-democratic views.
Lp3es established magazines Prisma where Wahid became one of the main contributors and often to pesantrens and madrasahs throughout Java. While this is the alarming condition of the boarding school because traditional pesantren values increasingly fade due to changes and poverty of the pesantren which he saw. He then cancel study abroad and prefer developing the pesantren. Wahid continued his career as a journalist, writing for the Tempo and Kompas. The article was received well and began to develop a reputation as a social commentator.
With the popularity of it, he was invited to give lectures and seminars, allowing him to travel from Jakarta and Jombang. In 1974, Wahid found extra employment in Jombang as a Muslim teacher at Pesantren Tambakberas. One year later, Wahid adds to her work with being a teacher of Kitab Al Hikam. In 1977, he joined the Hasyim Asy'ari University as Dean of the Faculty of Islamic beliefs and Practices, by teaching extra subjects such as pedagogy, Sharia, and Missiology. He then asked plays an active role running the NU and turned it. However, Wahid finally received the grandfather, Bisri Syansuri persuade him. Taking this job, Wahid also made the move from Jombang to Jakarta.
Wahid gained his first political experience in the 1982 legislative elections, when campaigning for the United Development Party (PPP), the combined four Islamist parties including NU.
Reforming NU
NU formed a team of Seven (including Wahid) to tackle the issues of reform and help revitalize NU. On 2 May 1982, the high level officials met with the Chairman of NU NU Idham Chalid and asked him to resign. However, on 6 May 1982, Wahid's call option to withdraw not Idham konstitusionil. Wahid appealed not Idham withdrew. In 1983, Suharto was re-elected as President for a fourth term by MPR and start taking the steps made of Pancasila as the State ideology. From June 1983 to October 1983, Wahid became part of a group that was commissioned to prepare NU's response to these issues.
Wahid then concludes the NU should accept Pancasila as the State ideology. To further revitalize NU, he resigned from the PPP and the party politics in order for NU to focus on social issues. In the 1984 National Congress of NU, Wahid was nominated as the Chairman of the OUTGOING and she accepted it on the condition get full authority to choose administrators who will work under it.
The election of Wahid was seen positively by Suharto. Wahid against acceptance of Pancasila along with the image of the moderatnya makes it favored the Government. In 1987, he maintained the support of the regime by criticizing PPP in the 1987 legislative elections and strengthen the party, Golkar. He became a member of PARLIAMENT from Golkar. Although favored the regime, Wahid often criticize the Government, including projects funded Kedung Ombo dam Reservoirs of the World Bank. This relaxes its relationship with the Government and Suharto.
During his first term, Wahid focused reform the pesantren education system and managed to improve the quality of pesantren education system so as to compete with secular schools. Wahid was re-elected for a second term on the OUTGOING Chair of the National Congress 1989. At that time, Suharto, who engaged in a political battle with ABRI, trying to attract the sympathy of Muslims.
In December 1990, Indonesia Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI) set up to attract the hearts of muslim intellectuals under the support of Soeharto and B.J. Habibie chaired. In 1991, several members of ICMI asked Wahid to join, but turned it due to its perceived sectarian and only made Suharto's increasingly powerful. Even in 1991, Wahid countered ICMI by forming the democracy Forum, an organization consisting of 45 intellectuals from various religious and social communities. In March 1992, Wahid planned to hold a Major Congress to celebrate the birthday of NU to-66 and plan an event that was attended by at least one million NU members.
Suharto ordered the event to impede police repel bus contains the NU members arriving in Jakarta. Wahid sent a letter of protest to Suharto saying that NU had not been given a chance to display a brand of Islam that is open, fair and tolerant. Ahead of the National Congress of 1994, Wahid nominated himself for a third term. This time Suharto was against it. Supporters of Suharto, like Habibie and Harmoko, campaigned against Wahid's re-election.
When deliberations the national was held, where the election closely guarded ABRI, in addition to efforts to bribe NU members not to select it. However, Wahid remained elected as Chairman of NU priode next. During this time, Wahid started a political alliance with Megawati Sukarnoputri of the Democratic Party of Indonesia (PDI). The high popularity of Megawati planned to keep pressing Suharto. Wahid advised Megawati to be cautious, but Megawati ignored it until she had to pay dearly when in July 1996 its headquarters diambilalih supporters of PDI Chairman Soerjadi, the Government support.
In November 1996, Wahid and Soeharto met first time since Wahid's re-election as Chairman of NU. December of that year he met with Amien Rais, an ICMI Member who had grown critical of Government policy. July 1997 was the start of the monetary crisis in which Suharto began to lose control over that situation. Wahid driven do reform movement with Megawati and Amien, however, affected by a stroke in January 1998. On 19 May 1998, Wahid, together with eight leaders of the Muslim community, called Suharto which gives the concept of the reform Committee his proposals. Wahid and eight people it refused join the reform Committee.
AMIEN, who is the most critical of Suharto's opposition at that time, did not like the view of moderate Wahid against Suharto. However, Suharto then resigned on 21 May 1998. Vice President Habibie becomes President replacing Soeharto. One impact of the fall of Suharto is the birth of a new political party, and in June 1998, the NU community ask Wahid to form a new political party. New in July 1998, Wahid responded to the idea because of the established political parties is the only way to counteract Golkar in elections. The party is the National Awakening Party (PKB). On February 7, 1999, PKB officially declared Wahid as its presidential candidate.
Wahid is the eldest son of six children, from a very distinguished family in East Java muslim community. His paternal grandfather, KH. Hasyim Asy'ari, was the founder of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), while his maternal grandfather, KH Bisri Syansuri pesantren. Wahid's father, KH Wahid Hasyim, was involved in the nationalist movement and became Minister of religious affairs in 1949. His mother, Hj. Sholehah, was the daughter of the founder of the boarding schools Jombang. After the Declaration of independence on 17 August 1945 Indonesia, Wahid returned to Jombang and remained there during the war of independence Indonesia against the Netherlands. The end of 1949, he moved to Jakarta after his father was appointed Minister of religion. He studied in Jakarta, go to KRIS before moving to Matraman Perwari ELEMENTARY SCHOOL.
Wahid was also encouraged to read the book the non Muslim, magazines, and newspapers by his father to expand his knowledge. In April 1953, his father died from a car accident. His education continued in 1954 in junior high school and not riding classes, but not because of the question of intellectual property. His mother then sent her to Yogyakarta to continue his education. In 1957, after graduating from JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL, he moved to Magelang to study at Pesantren Tegalrejo. He developed a reputation as a talented student, completing the pesantren education within two years (four years).
In 1959, Wahid moved to Pesantren Tambakberas in Jombang and got his first job as a teacher and head of the madrasa. Wahid also became a journalist and Cultural Magazine Horizon Jaya. In 1963, Wahid received a scholarship from the Ministry of religious affairs to study at Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, but did not finish because of inquiries into her mind. Wahid then studied at the University of Baghdad. Although initially fails, Wahid could finish his education at the University of Baghdad in 1970.
He went to the Netherlands to continue his education, studying at the University of Leiden, but disappointed that his studies in Baghdad here. Wahid went to Germany and France before going back to Indonesia in 1971. Wahid returned to Jakarta and joined the Institute for research, education and information economic and social (LP3ES), an organization which consisted of intellectuals with progressive Muslims and social-democratic views.
Lp3es established magazines Prisma where Wahid became one of the main contributors and often to pesantrens and madrasahs throughout Java. While this is the alarming condition of the boarding school because traditional pesantren values increasingly fade due to changes and poverty of the pesantren which he saw. He then cancel study abroad and prefer developing the pesantren. Wahid continued his career as a journalist, writing for the Tempo and Kompas. The article was received well and began to develop a reputation as a social commentator.
With the popularity of it, he was invited to give lectures and seminars, allowing him to travel from Jakarta and Jombang. In 1974, Wahid found extra employment in Jombang as a Muslim teacher at Pesantren Tambakberas. One year later, Wahid adds to her work with being a teacher of Kitab Al Hikam. In 1977, he joined the Hasyim Asy'ari University as Dean of the Faculty of Islamic beliefs and Practices, by teaching extra subjects such as pedagogy, Sharia, and Missiology. He then asked plays an active role running the NU and turned it. However, Wahid finally received the grandfather, Bisri Syansuri persuade him. Taking this job, Wahid also made the move from Jombang to Jakarta.
Wahid gained his first political experience in the 1982 legislative elections, when campaigning for the United Development Party (PPP), the combined four Islamist parties including NU.
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Pearl said President abdurrahman wahid
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Reforming NU
NU formed a team of Seven (including Wahid) to tackle the issues of reform and help revitalize NU. On 2 May 1982, the high level officials met with the Chairman of NU NU Idham Chalid and asked him to resign. However, on 6 May 1982, Wahid's call option to withdraw not Idham konstitusionil. Wahid appealed not Idham withdrew. In 1983, Suharto was re-elected as President for a fourth term by MPR and start taking the steps made of Pancasila as the State ideology. From June 1983 to October 1983, Wahid became part of a group that was commissioned to prepare NU's response to these issues.
Wahid then concludes the NU should accept Pancasila as the State ideology. To further revitalize NU, he resigned from the PPP and the party politics in order for NU to focus on social issues. In the 1984 National Congress of NU, Wahid was nominated as the Chairman of the OUTGOING and she accepted it on the condition get full authority to choose administrators who will work under it.
The election of Wahid was seen positively by Suharto. Wahid against acceptance of Pancasila along with the image of the moderatnya makes it favored the Government. In 1987, he maintained the support of the regime by criticizing PPP in the 1987 legislative elections and strengthen the party, Golkar. He became a member of PARLIAMENT from Golkar. Although favored the regime, Wahid often criticize the Government, including projects funded Kedung Ombo dam Reservoirs of the World Bank. This relaxes its relationship with the Government and Suharto.
During his first term, Wahid focused reform the pesantren education system and managed to improve the quality of pesantren education system so as to compete with secular schools. Wahid was re-elected for a second term on the OUTGOING Chair of the National Congress 1989. At that time, Suharto, who engaged in a political battle with ABRI, trying to attract the sympathy of Muslims.
In December 1990, Indonesia Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI) set up to attract the hearts of muslim intellectuals under the support of Soeharto and B.J. Habibie chaired. In 1991, several members of ICMI asked Wahid to join, but turned it due to its perceived sectarian and only made Suharto's increasingly powerful. Even in 1991, Wahid countered ICMI by forming the democracy Forum, an organization consisting of 45 intellectuals from various religious and social communities. In March 1992, Wahid planned to hold a Major Congress to celebrate the birthday of NU to-66 and plan an event that was attended by at least one million NU members.
Suharto ordered the event to impede police repel bus contains the NU members arriving in Jakarta. Wahid sent a letter of protest to Suharto saying that NU had not been given a chance to display a brand of Islam that is open, fair and tolerant. Ahead of the National Congress of 1994, Wahid nominated himself for a third term. This time Suharto was against it. Supporters of Suharto, like Habibie and Harmoko, campaigned against Wahid's re-election.
When deliberations the national was held, where the election closely guarded ABRI, in addition to efforts to bribe NU members not to select it. However, Wahid remained elected as Chairman of NU priode next. During this time, Wahid started a political alliance with Megawati Sukarnoputri of the Democratic Party of Indonesia (PDI). The high popularity of Megawati planned to keep pressing Suharto. Wahid advised Megawati to be cautious, but Megawati ignored it until she had to pay dearly when in July 1996 its headquarters diambilalih supporters of PDI Chairman Soerjadi, the Government support.
In November 1996, Wahid and Soeharto met first time since Wahid's re-election as Chairman of NU. December of that year he met with Amien Rais, an ICMI Member who had grown critical of Government policy. July 1997 was the start of the monetary crisis in which Suharto began to lose control over that situation. Wahid driven do reform movement with Megawati and Amien, however, affected by a stroke in January 1998. On 19 May 1998, Wahid, together with eight leaders of the Muslim community, called Suharto which gives the concept of the reform Committee his proposals. Wahid and eight people it refused join the reform Committee.
AMIEN, who is the most critical of Suharto's opposition at that time, did not like the view of moderate Wahid against Suharto. However, Suharto then resigned on 21 May 1998. Vice President Habibie becomes President replacing Soeharto. One impact of the fall of Suharto is the birth of a new political party, and in June 1998, the NU community ask Wahid to form a new political party. New in July 1998, Wahid responded to the idea because of the established political parties is the only way to counteract Golkar in elections. The party is the National Awakening Party (PKB). On February 7, 1999, PKB officially declared Wahid as its presidential candidate.
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| Pearl said Gusdur |
The elections of April 1999, PKB won 12% of the votes with the PDI-P won 33% of the vote. On 20 October 1999, the MPR elected a new President starts again. Wahid was elected Indonesia's fourth President with 373 votes, while Megawati only 313 votes. During his reign, Wahid to disband the Department of information and Ministry of social as well as being the first leader that gives Aceh a referendum to determine the autonomy and not independence like in East Timor. On 30 December 1999, Wahid visited Jayapura and prevailed upon the Papuan leaders that he encouraged the use of the name Papua.
In March 2000, Wahid's Government began to negotiate with the free Aceh Movement (GAM). Two months later, the Government signed a memorandum of understanding with GAM. Wahid also proposed that TAP MPRS No. XXIX/MPR/1966 banning Marxism-Leninism was revoked. He is also trying to open diplomatic relations with Israel, while he also became the first reform the military figures and removing the military from the socio-political space. Two scandals in 2000, namely the Buloggate and Bruneigate scandal, which later dropped it.
In January 2001, Wahid announced that Chinese new year (Imlek) become an optional holiday. This action followed by the lifting of the ban on the use of Chinese letters. On July 23, 2001, the MPR unanimously voted to impeach Wahid and to replace him with Megawati Sukarnoputri. In the elections of April 2004, PKB 10.6% of the vote and chose Wahid as a presidential candidate. However, Wahid failed to pass the medical examination and the ELECTION COMMISSION rejects entering them as a candidate. Solahuddin Wahid who is a pair of Wiranto. On 5 July 2004, Wiranto and Solahuddin was defeated in the general election. In the two-round presidential election between pairs of Yudhoyono-Kalla with Megawati-Muzadi, Wahid golput.
August 2005, Wahid, in a coalition of the archipelago Rose Rallied along with Try Sutrisno, Wiranto, Akbar Tanjung, and Megawati criticized the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Government policy, especially in the matter of the lifting of FUEL subsidies.
Personal life
Wahid is married to Sinta Nuriyah with whom he had four daughters: Alissa Arifah Chafsoh Institute, Zanubba (Elaine), Anita Hayatunnufus, and Inayah Wulandari. Yenny active politicking in PKB and currently is the Director of The Wahid Institute.
Gus Dur died, Wednesday, December 30, 2009, at the Cipto Mangunkosumo Hospital, Jakarta, 6 p.m. due to the complications of the disease, such as heart and kidney disorder he suffered long ago. Before his death he should undergo routine blood wash. A week before being transferred to Jakarta he had treated in Surabaya after traveling in East Java.
Wahid Award
In 1993, Wahid received the Ramon Magsaysay Award, the prestigious enough Award for the category of social leadership. He was ordained as "father of Chinese" by some Chinese Temple in Semarang Tay Kak Sie, Lombok, on 10 March 2004. On August 11, 2006, and Wahid Arivia Girl get Death Award-AJI as a fighter for freedom of the press, 2006. Wahid and Girls judged to have the passion, vision, and commitment in the fight for freedom, equal rights, to express the spirit of diversity, and democracy in Indonesia.
He received an award from Simon Wiethemthal Center, a foundation that is responsible for enforcement of human rights because it is considered as one of the people who care about the issue of human rights. Wahid received an award from Mebal Valor who is based in Los Angeles since Wahid was judged to have the courage to defend minorities. He also received an award from the University of Bristol and named after the name of the study group Wahid Chair of Islamic Study.
Wahid gained an honorary doctorate (Doctor Honoris Causa) from various lebaga of education, namely:
- Honorary doctorate from Netanya Humanities University, Israel (2003)
- Honorary Doctorate of law from the field of Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea (2003)
- Honorary doctorate from Sun Moon University, Seoul, South Korea (2003)
- Honorary doctorate from Soka Gakkai University, Tokyo, Japan (2002)
- Honorary Doctorate of philosophy Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand (2000)
- Honorary doctorate from the Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand (2000)
- Honorary Doctorate of law and political science, economics and management, and the Humanities from Pantheon University, Paris Sorborne, France (2000)
- Honorary doctorate from Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (2000)
- Honorary doctorate from the University of Twente, Netherlands (2000)
- Honorary doctorate from Jawaharlal Nehru University, India (2000)
Here's a list of the profile or biography of the President who has headed the Indonesia:
- Biography Of Sukarno The First President Of Indonesia
- Suharto's Biography The Second President Of Indonesia
- Biography Of B. J. Habibie The Third President Of Indonesia
- Biography Of KH. Abdurrahman Wahid (Wahid) Fourth President Of Indonesia
- Biography Of Megawati Soekarno Putri The fifth President of Indonesia
- Biography Of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono The Sixth President Of Indonesia
- Biography Of Joko Widodo (Jokowi) Seventh President Of Indonesia (Now)
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